短突扩扩压器与火焰筒匹配的实验研究

本研究通过实验的手段在前置扩压器的结构和进口马赫数不变的条件下,改变内、外环突扩角和相对突扩间隙,研究总压损失和静压恢复的变化规律。结果表明:在本研究的参数范围内,存在有最佳的内外环突扩角的组合(β_i=40～45°,β_o=45～50°)及相应的相对突扩间隙(δ=1.8),使得总压损失系数σ*有最小值。      

A high-order model of rotating stall in axial compressors with inlet distortion

In this paper,a high-order distortion model is proposed for analyzing the rotating stall inception process induced by inlet distortion in axial compressors.A distortion-generating screen in the compressor inlet is considered.By assuming a quadratic function for the local flow total pressure-drop,the existing Mansoux model is extended to include the effects of static inlet distor tion,and a new high-order distortion model is derived.To illustrate the effectiveness of the distortion model,numerical simulations are performed on an eighteenth-order model.It is demonstrated that long length-scale disturbances emerge out of the distorted background flow,and further induce the onset of rotating stall in advance.In addition,the circumferential non-uniform distribution and time evolution of the axial flow are also shown to be consistent with the existing features.It is thus shown that the high-order distortion model is capable of describing the transient behavior of stall inception and will contribute further to stall detection under inlet distortion.     

基于有效透气量对火星降落伞气动力系数预测分析

针对火星探测任务中降落伞开伞环境为低密度大气的特点,本文由降落伞气动力系数与透气量关系,提出了通过降落伞有效透气量预测降落伞气动力系数的方法,该方法先由织物透气量试验获取伞衣透气量拟合曲线和透气量常数,再根据风洞试验得到两种有效透气量下的气动力系数,然后由有效透气量插值获取了盘缝带(DGB)伞火星大气条件下气动力系数,并且通过空投试验数据对该方法进行验证。计算结果表明,在火星条件下,降落伞气动力系数与风洞条件下变化趋势基本一致。Ma 0.4工况阻力系数的变化范围为0.583～0.622,Ma 0.8工况阻力系数的变化范围为0.438～0.494。     

共轴刚性旋翼直升机桨毂阻力特性试验

共轴刚性旋翼直升机在突破常规直升机前飞速度极限的同时会产生巨大的桨毂阻力。为研究共轴刚性旋翼直升机桨毂的阻力特性,采用天平测力的方式在1.4m×1.4m直流风洞中对不同的共轴双桨毂组合模型进行了风洞试验。试验状态变量包括桨毂转速、模型各部件间缝隙和不同整流模型组合。试验结果表明:共轴双桨毂试验模型的阻力受对称光滑桨毂旋转运动的影响基本可忽略;各整流部件间缝隙对模型所受阻力影响较大,大缝隙会使试验模型阻力增大;各整流部件分离尾流存在较大的气动干扰,使模型所受阻力明显增加。     

Effect of blade sweep on inlet flow in axial compressor cascades

This paper presents comparative numerical studies to investigate the effects of blade sweep on inlet flow in axial compressor cascades. A series of swept and straight cascades was modeled in order to obtain a general understanding of the inlet flow field that is induced by sweep.A computational fluid dynamics(CFD) package was used to simulate the cascades and obtain the required three-dimensional(3D) flow parameters. A circumferentially averaged method was introduced which provided the circumferential fluctuation(CF) terms in the momentum equation.A program for data reduction was conducted to obtain a circumferentially averaged flow field.The influences of the inlet flow fields of the cascades were studied and spanwise distributions of each term in the momentum equation were analyzed. The results indicate that blade sweep does affect inlet radial equilibrium. The characteristic of radial fluid transfer is changed and thus influencing the axial velocity distributions. The inlet flow field varies mainly due to the combined effect of the radial pressure gradient and the CF component. The axial velocity varies consistently with the incidence variation induced by the sweep, as observed in the previous literature. In addition, factors that might influence the radial equilibrium such as blade camber angles, solidity and the effect of the distance from the leading edge are also taken into consideration and comparatively analyzed.     

配合间隙对涡轮叶片榫头/榫槽接触的影响

采用率相关晶体塑性滑移理论模型,考虑镍基单晶的晶体取向和涡轮盘/片配合间隙的影响,针对涡轮叶片榫头/榫槽的复杂接触状况,研究了温度梯度载荷和离心载荷作用下三种取向的接触应力和低周疲劳损伤。结果表明:当榫头/榫槽的配合间隙小于3.7μm时,榫头/榫槽的接触应力随间隙值突变比较明显;而间隙值大于5.4μm时影响较小。接触应力和低周疲劳寿命对第一齿间隙值比较敏感,随间隙值的波动变化范围较大;第二齿的间隙对接触应力影响也较大,但对疲劳寿命的影响只在较小间隙值下较为明显。晶体取向对榫头/榫槽接触低周疲劳寿命有比较显著的影响,表现出明显的疲劳性能各向异性。     

Numerical investigation of windage heating within shrouded rotor-stator cavity system with central inflow

The rotating disk surface temperature rise due to windage heating effect by numerically modeling the turbulent flow within a rotor-stator cavity which is available with a peripheral shroud and imposed through airflow was dealt with. The windage heating may be defined as viscous friction heating caused by relative velocity differences across the boundary layers between the fluid and the rotating disk surface. The kinetic energy dissipation process could transform the rotating shaft power into thermal heating. Commercial finite volume based solver, ANSYS/CFX was employed to numerically simulate this physical process by using the shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model. CFD results include the rotating disk surface temperature axial distribution and tangential velocity distribution of the fluid domain. The velocity difference between the result obtained by particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments and CFD simulation are within 5%. The adiabatic disk temperature rise can be calculated by the tangential velocity of disk and fluid in large gap ratio and turbulent parameter. CFD temperature distribution results and those estimated via velocity differences are within 10%.     

可调进口导叶和叶片角向缝处理机匣相互作用的

可调进口导叶和叶片角向缝处理机匣都能扩大压气机的稳定工作范围,为了分析同时采用这两种措施对压气机稳定性的影响及二者之间相互作用的机理,在单转子轴流压气机实验台上对不同导叶弯角下实壁机匣和叶片角向缝机匣进行了详细的实验测试。同时,对导叶弯角为+10°的每一种机匣结构和导叶0°的实壁机匣结构进行了数值模拟,数值模拟结果与实验结果符合良好,相对于导叶0°的实壁机匣,实验及数值模拟结果均表明,导叶正弯角结合叶片角向缝机匣处理结构能更好地扩大压气机的稳定工作裕度。对转子流场进行对比分析可得,导叶正预旋能抑制叶背气流的分离,提高压气机的稳定工作范围,但仍然没有改变转子叶尖部诱发失速的流动现象,而叶片角向缝主要是通过对叶顶气流的抽吸作用抑制了间隙泄漏流达到扩稳效果,因此耦合时能独立发挥各自的扩稳作用,从而能获得比单独使用任何一种方法都要更大的稳定工作范围的提升。     

连续旋转爆轰燃烧室增压特性的数值研究

为了分析爆轰燃烧室几何尺寸对增压特性的影响,利用二维欧拉方程数值研究了当量H2/Air在连续旋转爆轰燃烧室中的燃烧流场情况。研究表明:在准稳定状态下爆轰燃烧流场特征参数随时间呈周期性振荡,且其振幅保持不变;横波及局部爆炸波的存在是爆轰波后侧附近总压沿x轴呈现波动变化的主要原因;影响连续旋转爆轰燃烧室增压特性的直接因素为斜激波的高度及爆轰波强度,减少轴向尺寸或增加周向尺寸可增强其增压特性。连续旋转爆轰燃烧室的增压比高达2.52,与传统的燃烧室相比,大大提高了燃气的做功能力。     

PW2037发动机VSV系统非典型故障分析

现代民用涡扇发动机普遍采用VSV系统提高发动机的喘振裕度和性能,该系统的常见故障主要集中在控制系统部件及相关线路上,本文介绍了由于VSV系统同步环滑块和HPC机匣间隙原因导致的非典型VSV系统故障,对VSV系统间隙性重复故障的排除具有一定参考作用。